alchymyth on "Different featured header images"

create a child theme of Twenty Twelve first; http://codex.wordpress.org/Child_Themes

you could basically use the code from Twenty Eleven header.php:

<?php
				// Check to see if the header image has been removed
				$header_image = get_header_image();
				if ( $header_image ) :
					// Compatibility with versions of WordPress prior to 3.4.
					if ( function_exists( 'get_custom_header' ) ) {
						// We need to figure out what the minimum width should be for our featured image.
						// This result would be the suggested width if the theme were to implement flexible widths.
						$header_image_width = get_theme_support( 'custom-header', 'width' );
					} else {
						$header_image_width = HEADER_IMAGE_WIDTH;
					}
					?>
			<a href="<?php echo esc_url( home_url( '/' ) ); ?>">
				<?php
					// The header image
					// Check if this is a post or page, if it has a thumbnail, and if it's a big one
					if ( is_singular() && has_post_thumbnail( $post->ID ) &&
							( /* $src, $width, $height */ $image = wp_get_attachment_image_src( get_post_thumbnail_id( $post->ID ), array( $header_image_width, $header_image_width ) ) ) &&
							$image[1] >= $header_image_width ) :
						// Houston, we have a new header image!
						echo get_the_post_thumbnail( $post->ID, 'header-image' ); //EDITED IMAGE SIZE
					else :
						// Compatibility with versions of WordPress prior to 3.4.
						if ( function_exists( 'get_custom_header' ) ) {
							$header_image_width  = get_custom_header()->width;
							$header_image_height = get_custom_header()->height;
						} else {
							$header_image_width  = HEADER_IMAGE_WIDTH;
							$header_image_height = HEADER_IMAGE_HEIGHT;
						}
						?>
					<img src="<?php header_image(); ?>" width="<?php echo $header_image_width; ?>" height="<?php echo $header_image_height; ?>" alt="" />
				<?php endif; // end check for featured image or standard header ?>
			</a>
			<?php endif; // end check for removed header image ?>

(you could clean the code up if you don't need the compatibility section)

to replace this code section in Twenty Twelve header.php:

<?php $header_image = get_header_image();
		if ( ! empty( $header_image ) ) : ?>
			<a href="<?php echo esc_url( home_url( '/' ) ); ?>"><img src="<?php echo esc_url( $header_image ); ?>" class="header-image" width="<?php echo get_custom_header()->width; ?>" height="<?php echo get_custom_header()->height; ?>" alt="" /></a>
		<?php endif; ?>

to match the header image size, create a new post thumbnail size for the header;
in functions.php of the child theme, add:

add_image_size('header-image',960,250,true); //for header image

http://codex.wordpress.org/Function_Reference/add_image_size